Esitteet ja raportit
ECI / Leonardo ENERGY, April 2013
The consultation on a new market design represents an opportunity for the European Union to embark on a course to increase the weight of demand in the power system.
Following the European Commission’s Heating & Cooling Strategy Consultation Forum, held in Brussels on September 9th, the European Copper Institute (ECI) is convinced that very significant opportunities exist, within the heating & cooling sector, to save energy, to increase the use of renewable-based technologies, thus reducing the dependency on imported fuels, and to better connect the EU’s electricity and thermal energy markets.
The first half of 2006 saw a dramatic increase in the market price of most commodities, including copper. Compared to the London Metal Exchange price of 3,684 $/T in 2005, the average price rose by 83% to 6,727 $/T in 2006.
Copper and its many alloys are characterised by their 100% recyclability, their superior technical properties, such as high electrical and thermal conductivity, their ability to be easily processed, and their durability. As a result, copper stands at the centre of many of the technologies that will drive Europe’s future competitiveness.
ECI, July 2010
Using chemical treatment, any desired colour can be obtained. Specialist companies should be consulted to identify the correct product for a particular project.
Copper-Zinc is good for flexible mesh containment systems.
Copper-Nickel is good for rigid (e.g. welded) mesh.
Copper-Silicon is good where rigid mesh is needed, or where panels can have flexible connections.
Copper is an excellent material to use for rotors due to its high conductivity. Copper’s conductivity is rated at 57 Ms/m, which is significantly higher than that of aluminium (37 Ms/m). This makes copper the material of choice for a number of induction motor applications worldwide.
Bronze has been used for centuries to create statues, and is still the first choice for modern, striking works of art. The most widely-used alloys for such objects are leaded gunmetals, such as CC492K and CC491K.
Pure copper is too soft for overhead wires and the copper alloys used are specified in BS EN 50149:2012. These are alloys of copper with respectively small amounts of silver, magnesium, tin or cadmium.